News flash: Your worst enemy isn’t inflation, deflation, a market crash, or whatever other scary financial scenarios you can think of. Rather, we ourselves, in many cases become our own worst enemies. And at any given time, our behavior simply amplifies whatever bad things might be happening around us.
The field of behavioral finance has given us valuable data on the human psyche. It attempts to explain and understand why investors behave the way they do. “People in standard finance are rational. People in behavioral finance are normal,” explains Meir Statman, PhD and researcher at Santa Clara University.
What behavioral biases are messing up your financial plan? Let’s examine a few common problem areas that afflict the investing masses:
Loss Aversion Bias
This bias was first identified back in 1979 by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. Through research studies, they discovered that people tend to feel stronger about avoiding investment losses compared to achieving investment gains. As a result, people will often hold on to their losing investments, hoping they’ll return to break even status.
Hindsight Bias
This particular fault occurs when people become so infatuated with past events, they falsely conclude it will predict the future. For example, if a certain stock, mutual fund, or ETF has performed well in the recent past, the tendency is to believe that this same performance is to be expected looking ahead.
Part of the problem with hindsight bias is that people tend to have selective memories. And when they examine the past, they often fill in the memory gaps with what they prefer to believe or remember, rather than focusing on reality.
Overconfidence Bias
This flaw happens when people overestimate their own knowledge, talent, and abilities. For example, a person that buys a stock or ETF (VWO) or another investment that shoots up substantially in value may attribute those gains to themselves, rather than luck or some other related event. The pitfalls of overconfidence end up being that people will underestimate financial risk, hold poorly constructed portfolios that lack diversification, and trade excessively. Like Icarus who flew too close to the sun and fell, the overconfident investor – in enough time – comes crashing back to Earth.
