Stock Market Seasonality


Everything in this world has cycles, including the stock market. Stock market seasonality is when the stock market tends to perform better during certain times of the year and tends to perform worse during certain times of the year (from a probability perspective).

Whether or not you recognize it, you’ve probably heard about the stock market’s seasonality from mainstream financial media. This includes:

  • Santa Claus Rally (also called the Year End Rally)
  • January Effect
  • Sell in May and Go Away
  • Presidential Cycle
  • Mainstream financial media tends to place too much emphasis on seasonality factors. In my opinion, seasonality factors are of secondary importance when compared to understanding the stock market’s fundamentals and technicals. Much of the stock market’s seasonality is just random.

  • In a big enough universe, there are always going to be patterns and high-probability situations (e.g. seasonality) that occur for no reason other than random chance. Most seasonality patterns don’t make much sense. Traders and investors often discover seasonality patterns and then make up a reason to “explain it” when in reality, these “patterns” occur merely due to random chance.
  • Seasonality changes over time and it is inconsistent. Hence, seasonality doesn’t always work, and you have no idea when it will stop working. For example, did you know that from 1950 – present the best months to invest in the S&P 500 are from November – April, but before 1950 the best months to invest were from April to November? This is an example of seasonality changing over time.
  • With that being said, here is an in depth look at the stock market’s popular seasonality patterns. Let’s look at 4 things:

  • The random probability of the stock market going up on any given month
  • The Santa Claus Rally (also called the Year End Rally)
  • “Sell in May and go away”
  • The Presidential Cycle
  • Random probability of the stock market going up on any given month

    To understand seasonality factors such as the Santa Claus Rally, we need a benchmark to compare it against. Here’s the random probability of the stock market (S&P 500) going up on any given month, from 1950 – present

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